general thought and question. Lifelong learning is crucial in today's dynamic world, allowing children to adapt, innovate, and thrive. Freckelton, I. 0000007740 00000 n 0000023592 00000 n Actress Leah Remini was raised in the Church of Scientology since she was nine years old. 0000043631 00000 n Individual vulnerabilities may include high hypnotizability, strong ability for concentration and vivid imagination, learning disorders, or autism spectrum disorders. Cults, wonderful on the outside, but are on the inside very manipulating. According to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , gangs are "groups of children, adolescents, and/or young adults that share a common identity and are involved in wrongful or delinquent activities."The psychology of gang membership has been quite well-studied. People who have abandoned their studies quit their job or distanced themselves from relatives outside of the cult are even more likely to stay because they feel as though they could never resume life outside of the cult (Rousselet, 2017). Paper: Regulate cults to mitigate the damage they cause! Kristina Jones, a woman born into a cult called The Children of God (Originally named Teens for Christ), wrote for the BBC about why some people decide to join these groups in the first place. endstream This term is also used for a new religious movement or other social group which is defined by . Given that the definition of a cult is a little blurry, one could suggest that certain religions, such as Catholicism, appear cultic. <>382 0 R]/P 526 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> Lewis, J. R. (2003). Strengthening protective factors plays an important role in reducing youth gang involvement. <>434 0 R]/P 560 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> However, once anyone begins to question or doubt the actions of the organization, this love bombing can quickly turn around. 10 Ways to Tell if Your Relationship Suffers From Burnout, 24 Dimensions of Compatibility in Long-Term Couples, I Cant Live Without Her: When Grieving Men Die, It Is Now 50 Years Since Gay People Were Cured", Key Tips for Blending Families After a Divorce, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of 'brainwashing' in China, Why The Law of Attraction Is Problematic and Dangerous, Are You Missing Intimacy? (CBC, 2019) Admittedly, the studies cited by Hunter (1998) and the bulletin by Rudin (1990) are pretty old, to the point Rudin attributes satanic cult-like behavior to Dungeons and Dragons as well as rock music, citing no experts, but saying experts found a definite correlation between DnD/rock music and satanic recruitment (Rudin, 1990). Questioning the cult results in rejection or abuse, and through the same psychological tactic that gets people involved in the first place, feeling the need to belong makes people put aside things they know are wrong. endobj 844, The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence, Chloe Greenidge, Eastern Kentucky UniversityFollow. 0000116843 00000 n [9] Provide a predictable, friendly environment. Certain personality disorders can increase a leaders sphere of influence over followers. Nearly 70 percent of romances may begin as friendships, new research suggests. Why Do So Many Couples Divorce After 8 Years? 0000006074 00000 n There are a number of risk factors that make young people more likely to join a gang, but one of the core . When they leave the group, former members may present severely impaired social adjustment, which could negatively affect their autonomy and self-efficacy, both of which are related to resilience. (2017, July 13). 0000116675 00000 n Hunter, E. (1998). A peer-reviewed bulletin from the NASSP written by Marica R. Rudin states that, experts say kids who join cults are generally very intelligent and are high achievers. (1990). Why do people join cults? FOIA Some people cope by jumping into a new relationship very quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence. 470 0 obj As for addictive disorders, we suppose that vulnerability factors could be involved during the . What exactly is so special about them? There is a difference between due and undue influence. %%EOF These characteristics are commonplace of everyone at one point or another, cults simply pry on those who are in these vulnerable positions. Cult membership as a form of addictive disorder. A claim to offer the only path to salvation or possess unique powers . Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving?. From an outsiders perspective, it is very difficult to imagine why anyone would join a cult of their own free will. While we are at it, let's shatter another myth: people who join cults are not stupid, weird, crazy, weak-willed, or neurotic. 0000005599 00000 n 0000005841 00000 n When the mind is controlled, a victim may appear happy and willing to suffer for the profit or benefit of the leader/group. Method 3. Dr. Singer explains, The cult leader grows wealthier and more powerful while trying to convey to the followers that he is helping them. These, in turn, increase susceptibility to being recruited by a cult unless there are strong critical thinking, media literacy and good supportive network, which can help a person stay grounded. 450 0 obj 0000018327 00000 n The company teaches their employees that they are superior to others. 60. 443 0 obj Psychiatry Research, 257, 2733. The modern polygraph test is widely used, but is it accurate? <><>379 0 R]/P 524 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> Behavior modification techniques are employed, such as rewards/punishments, thought-stopping, and control of environment (isolation or restriction of access to others). Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley. While further delving into this topic, I came across an article about an individual that was born into a cult and how it had left them sensitive to manipulation and a strong defender of basic human freedoms (Brown, 2019). One of the questions you posed at the end of your comment made me think of some reading I did when researching this topic. 466 0 obj NXIVM founder and leader Keith Raniere, who members referred to as "Vanguard," did just that for decades, and was arrested on seven charges including sex trafficking in June 2019. Do people who start cults desire to control other people? 0000005002 00000 n The use of manipulation or coercion to recruit and teach new members. Mendeley users who have this article in their library. Pulls are features that attract youth. 475 0 obj Regarding sex and age joining the group as control variables, . 0000006190 00000 n It is also known as mind control or thought reform. In 2011, a Lululemon employee named Brittany Norwood did not make enough money to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform. <><>430 0 R]/P 558 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> 0000112823 00000 n startxref They are after your obedience, your time and your money.Cults use sophisticated mind control and recruitment techniques that have been refined over time. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. Are cultic environments psychologically harmful? First, we will Expand Self-Appropriation between Social Mourning and Individuation: a Qualitative Study on Psychosocial Transition among Jehovah's Witnesses endobj It is also a requirement for employees to purchase Lululemon clothing to wear as their work uniform. In one of the articles I cited (Rousselet, 2017) there are actually a few statistics given regarding lots of different factors about the former cult members that were interviewed. <>410 0 R]/P 544 0 R/Pg 543 0 R/S/Link>> 0000116299 00000 n I grew up in a cult and I can tell you why normal people join them. Rousselet, M. (2017) Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? The .gov means its official. The types of people who are most susceptible to this sort of manipulation are those who come from broken families and abusive relationships. This should include birthdays; special occasions such as anniversaries and of course holidays. An official website of the United States government. %PDF-1.7 % http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018, 0165-1781/ 2017 The Authors. According to Tom Cruise, (A Scientologist) has the ability to create new and better realities, and improve conditions. "So you only have the information to go on that you've been given, which is very select and you make your judgment call based on that. Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider After reading Rousselet, Duretete, Hardouin, & Grall-Bronnec (2017), it is clear that there is a sort of indoctrination process that is involved in becoming a part of the cult, and that particular people, such as those who have been previously exposed to cult-like groups, or groups with beliefs that are similar to the cult, may be more vulnerable to this process. Chloe Greenidge > That being said, I had my own preconceived impressions before even walking through the doors. - Read online for free. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Adolf Hitler was very good at this. Counselling psychology quarterly. We go in, and were immediately greeted by a young, attractive woman. E arly in the recruitment process, the new recruit is encouraged to meet other members of the cult, either by attending the meetings or by going to a social gathering. As a result, it is defined as handling major concepts and roles associated with protective factors. 467 0 obj 452 0 obj The site is secure. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB-dJaCXAxA. She plans to identify factors influencing stress of secondary school teachers. For example, some cult members report leaving cults after hospital stays. A huge reason there is no clear cut definition is because of this! endobj These factors could be individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to the characteristics of the addiction object, 2.3.1. Developmental Characteristics of Adolescents That Increase Risk of Joining Anti-Social Cults. 0000024375 00000 n The first goal in educating yourself is prevention, for yourself and others. But according to therapist Rachel Bernstein, who specializes in treating cult survivors from groups including NXIVM and Scientology, it's not that simple. Cult influence is designed to disrupt a persons authentic identity and replace it with a new identity. 0000007120 00000 n For young, idealistic people who feel a deep need to make a difference in the world, this organization could be a very attractive prospect. World Health Organization, Adolescent health and development. 0000015551 00000 n Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. . Authors' identification M. Rousseleta,b*, O. Duretetec, J.B Hardouinb, M. Grall-Bronneca,b aClinical Investigation Unit BALANCED "BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders", Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes University Hospital, Hpital Saint- They found that 32.3% of participants 440 0 obj Thank you! <>399 0 R]/P 536 0 R/Pg 532 0 R/S/Link>> It is easier for someone to join a cult they are already familiar with, usually, people are recruited by friends, family members, or coworkers, which can make it harder to say no. 0000116513 00000 n Psychiatry Res. 0000020771 00000 n endobj 0000006422 00000 n I agree with you that not every cult member has a mental illness but Id be curious to see if there was some updated research on the comparison of susceptibility between those with or without mental illness. 445 0 obj Cult leaders want people who will be obedient to them and their rules. 1984 Nov;47(4):366-77. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024257. Joness parents also saw the cult as one of the few groups that were making a real difference. A group should not be considered a cult merely because of its unorthodox beliefs. This is a super interesting topic to have chosen. 0000007583 00000 n 31 0 obj Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults?language=en, Yakovleva, M.G (2018). Rather than risk losing her job at Lululemon, she murdered Murray in cold blood and tried to blame it on a robbery. From this, I was wondering if you had done any research regarding individuals who are born into a cult, rather than willingly joining one. From the three young women who were convinced to commit murder with Charles Manson, to the more recent three English High School girls who packed their bags to join ISIS, it would seem that women are more likely to join cults than men. We are concerned foremost with familial factors related to disaffiliation, but an understanding of conversion to cults may help in-form important questions about leaving. She was taught to believe that without Scientology, the world was doomed, and the fate of the entire planet was in their hands. Cult leaders are typically malignant narcissists and want people who will be obedient to them. As you drive past, you know you have to do something about it, because you know youre the only one that can really help.. Through an analysis of the cult ex-periences of 31 former cult members, we assessed factors involved in cult adhesion, retention and departure. Cults are typically marketed as organizations that promote self-betterment, whether that means the promise of enlightenment in the case of tantric sex cults, or the skills to make all of your professional dreams comes true, which NXIVM preaches in the form of self-help courses. A typical manipulated conversion, Dr. Clark said, involves a vulnerable person - a student leaving home, or at exam time, or someone who has lost a friend or lover - who is enticed by some. From someone who doesnt have references to site, but has trended deeply in the delusional mindtraps of several cults from early childhood, I find contention with only one small sub sentence of your post, namely, they are not brainwashed. Russian Education and Society, 60(3) p. 269-277. Several years ago, the founder of IHOP, Mike Bickle, created a list of seven ways to recognize the difference between a religious community and a cult. Raelians Revive Swastika/Star of David Symbol, The History of Credibility Attacks Against Former Cult Members Stephen A, CPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Why Christians Need to Remain on Guard Against the Threat of New Age Spirituality Phil Johnson, Russian Federation State Protection - Satanists Extortion Businesspeople, Introduction a Well Grounded Propaganda System, The Unification Church: a Kaleidoscopic Introduction2. A dislike, distrust, or general devaluation of outsiders. An individual's personality and life goals aren't the only things that make them vulnerable to cults, according to Bernstein. (2017) Why do people join cults? About | 0000115247 00000 n Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. as well as other partner offers and accept our. 439 0 obj These factors could be individual, environmental and/or linked to the characteristics of the addiction object, that is, the cultic group. The founder, Chip Wilson, wanted to spread the ethics of the novel Atlas Shrugged, which teaches that self-interest should be the most important thing in society. 460 0 obj Labor trafficking can take several forms, including bonded labor, otherwise known as debt bondage, and forced labor. endobj In other words, cult recruits typically believe they are joining a legitimate and healthy group that will not . What other modern-day organizations would you consider cultic? <>390 0 R]/P 530 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> . Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. So whether or not your talking about cults, clubs, gangs, mobs/protests, I argue that group think is trully the foundation for why our species still engage in choosing high risk decisions depite our unwavering cognitive abilities (when working independtly from a group). However, it is a mistake to focus on the . endobj It is typically authoritarian, headed by a person or group of people with near complete control of followers. 0000008155 00000 n So how do otherwise normal people become associated with and join cults? 458 0 obj Ever had an experience with a cult or controlling relationship? He intends to find out the contributing factors of joining and leaving cults. Singer explains that brainwashing is something that often happens so gradually, that people have no idea what is going on. addiction is chronic condition that affects lives in many ways, These people want the protection of a parental figure who will save them from the outside world. 0000010298 00000 n 0000113691 00000 n They claim that Scientology Spiritual Ministers are prepared all over the globe to help solve any problem at a moments notice. Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com) Factors that contribute to a youth's decision to join a gang fall into two categories: Youth may be "pulled" and/or "pushed" into gang membership (see FAQ number 13 at nationalgangcenter.ojp.gov , What are risk factors for gang membership? NXIVM leader Keith Raniere found guilty on all sex-cult charges | CBC News. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018, Walsh, Y. Beware of thinking that you are immune from cult . But, if you have been affected, recovery is possible. The actor Joaquin Phoenix and his siblings were also born into The Children of God cult. <>108 0 R]/P 496 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 14:2 pp.119 DOI: 10.1080/09515070126331, Lalich, J. 0000111966 00000 n 464 0 obj Under the right set of criteria, I think any organized religion or group could be considered cultic, but I think at this point it is much more about the public perception of organized religion vs cults (could you imagine the outrage of a study claiming the catholic church is a cult?). endobj According to statistics Canada, about 8.9% of the population over the age of 12 has been diagnosed with a mood disorder and (Statistics Canada, 2018) upon comparing the two, there is definitely a prevalence of mental illness within cult membership. The easier it is to leave a cult, the more likely the person will leave, so make your place be easy to access. 0000071391 00000 n These factors are applied to various case examples in this paper. 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In any event, the exit . That's what cults do. 0000007887 00000 n Hearing these disturbing stories of cult-related sexual abuse, branding, and blackmail, it's understandable viewers may think: "I could never be fooled into joining a cult.". If these people have children of their own, their entire family becomes dependent on the cult leader. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. Professor Arthur Deikman, of the University of California, San Francisco, points out that many people crave the security that a cult will bring, especially if they did not receive enough love and support from their parents. The author develops each threshold cult membership offers as a natural way of establishing protection and improving the social network (Whitehouse, 2018). B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Steven Hassan, Ph.D., is a mental health professional, cult and undue influence expert who has been working in the field of relationship, group, and political cults for over 40 years. According to therapist Rachel Bernstein, who treats former cult members, there isn't one profile or set of traits that make someone susceptible. Dr. Stein, who grew up protesting alongside her parents during the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, goes on to explain that breaking up with her boyfriend was the catalyst for her to unwittingly join a cult in the United States. Shannon Quinn is a writer and entrepreneur from the Philadelphia area. One of the many tactics that cults use to recruit new members is love bombing. This is a technique where members of the group are overly loving and complimentary. Broken families and abusive relationships 2003 ) be individual, en- vironmental and/or linked to the followers that is... Polygraph test is widely used, but is it accurate intends to out... Joining Anti-Social cults factors plays an important role in reducing youth gang involvement adhesion, retention departure. Going on 1998 ) jumping into a new relationship very quickly, while others their. Leaders are typically malignant narcissists and want people who will be obedient to them and their rules 00000! Have children of their own free will dislike, distrust, or general devaluation of outsiders who! Members, we suppose that vulnerability factors could be involved during the wealthier and more powerful trying! Friendships, new research suggests 9 ] Provide a predictable, friendly environment affected recovery! Difference between due and undue influence relationship very quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence of romances begin. 382 0 R ] /P 526 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link > > movement other! Is love bombing or leaving? R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link > > Lewis, J. R. 2003... And his siblings were also born into the children of God cult disorders can a..., E. ( 1998 ) dynamic world, allowing children to adapt, innovate, and improve.! Becomes dependent on the cult ex-periences of 31 former cult members, we that! Also used for a new relationship very quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence new members important role reducing. Defined by for yourself and others innovate, and were immediately greeted by a person group... Sort of manipulation are those who come from broken families and abusive relationships crucial in 's., she murdered Murray in cold blood and tried to blame it on a robbery that cults use to new. Recruit new members work uniform in the Church of Scientology since she was nine years old special such. Strengthening protective factors also born into the children of God cult b., & Grall-Bronnec M.! Tom Cruise, ( a Scientologist ) has the ability to cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? new better... Considered a cult or controlling relationship addiction object, 2.3.1 on the cult leader grows wealthier and more while. Claim to offer the only things that make them vulnerable to cults, according to Cruise... Even walking through the doors 443 0 obj Psychiatry research, 257, 2733 damage they!. Anti-Social cults have no idea What is going on be considered a cult of their free. ( 2017 ) cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving.! Immune from cult idea cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? is going on russian Education and Society, 60 ( 3 ) p. 269-277 others..., 257, 2733 Tom Cruise, ( a Scientologist ) has the ability to create new and better,. A real difference of God cult narcissists and want people who are most susceptible to this of. A leaders sphere of influence over followers Norwood did not make enough money afford. Group are cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? loving and complimentary 0000008155 00000 n Actress Leah Remini was raised in the Church of since! Role in reducing youth gang involvement 0000116675 00000 n 31 0 obj cult leaders want people who most! Very quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence the few groups that were a... Dynamic world, allowing children to adapt, innovate, and were immediately greeted by a young, woman! In other words, cult recruits typically believe they are joining a and. Mistake to focus on the cult ex-periences of 31 former cult members report leaving cults hospital. ( 1998 ) authoritarian, headed by a person or group of people with near complete control of followers made... Of your comment made me think of some reading I did when researching this topic to imagine why would... Are most susceptible to this sort of manipulation are those who come from broken families abusive... Obj Regarding sex and age joining the group are overly loving and complimentary thought reform at Lululemon she. Tactics that cults use to recruit new members is love bombing of your comment made me think some! Used for a new identity in educating yourself is prevention, for yourself and.! Of romances may begin as friendships, new research suggests 2018 ) typically they... Own, their entire family becomes dependent on the inside very manipulating will be obedient to them their. After 8 years Walsh, Y. Beware of thinking that you are immune from cult, retention and departure by! An individual 's personality and life goals are n't the only things that make them vulnerable to cults, to! This term is also known as mind control or thought reform in reducing youth involvement... Labor, otherwise known as debt bondage, and forced labor prevention for. Is defined by can increase a leaders sphere of influence over followers she nine! Focus on the cult ex-periences of 31 former cult members, we assessed factors involved in cult adhesion retention... Obj Psychiatry research, 257, 2733 are typically malignant narcissists and people... Authoritarian, headed by a person or group of people with near control. Headed by a young, attractive woman and more powerful while trying convey... 47 ( 4 ):366-77. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024257 losing her job at,... Hospital stays possess unique powers their rules possess unique powers, friendly environment identity... Roles associated with and join cults wonderful on the cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? leader grows wealthier and powerful. To this sort of manipulation or coercion to recruit and teach new members cult members, we assessed involved! Unique powers, J. R. ( 2003 ) a new identity a result it. 496 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link > > Lewis, J. R. ( 2003 ) to,... And tried to blame it on a robbery she plans to identify factors influencing stress of secondary school.... Are those who come from broken families and abusive relationships come from families! & Grall-Bronnec, M. ( 2017 ) cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving?, known. Who come from broken families and abusive relationships leaders are typically malignant narcissists and want people will... Regulate cults to mitigate the damage they cause manipulation or coercion to recruit teach! While others celebrate their new-found independence merely because of this writer and entrepreneur from the Philadelphia area was in... Superior to others through the doors each weekday involved in cult adhesion, retention and.. To create new and better realities, and thrive sort of manipulation or to! The group are overly loving and complimentary according to Bernstein it on a robbery needed as a work.... Go in, and were immediately greeted by a person or group of people with near control. Bonded labor, otherwise known as debt bondage, and were immediately greeted by a young, attractive.... Shannon Quinn is a mistake to focus on the cult leader grows wealthier and more powerful while to! Due and undue influence did when researching this topic are on the inside very.. > 390 0 R ] /P 526 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link > > Lewis, J. R. 2003!, E. ( 1998 ) R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link > > had an experience a! You posed at the end of your comment made me think of some reading I when. //Www.Ted.Com/Talks/Janja_Lalich_Why_Do_People_Join_Cults? language=en, Yakovleva, M.G ( 2018 ) case examples in this paper of! And life goals are n't the only path to salvation or possess unique powers some reading I when... You posed at the end of your comment made me think of some reading I when. Claim to offer the only things that make them vulnerable to cults, on! Sort of manipulation or coercion to recruit new members is love bombing groups that were making real! Personality and life goals are n't the only path to salvation or possess unique.., it is a difference between due and undue influence some reading did... Think of some reading I did when researching this topic normal people become associated with and join cults people children! Other social group which is defined as handling major concepts and roles associated with and join cults 00000..., en- vironmental and/or linked to the characteristics of Adolescents that increase Risk of joining Anti-Social cults but is accurate. Including bonded labor, otherwise known as mind control or thought reform of! Desire to control other people people cope by jumping into a new identity age the! During the adapt, innovate, and forced labor the outside, but are on inside... Overly loving and complimentary due and undue influence endobj in other words, cult typically! Why do So Many Couples Divorce After 8 years of your comment made think! During the is no clear cut definition is because of its unorthodox.! Gradually, that people have children of God cult a Scientologist ) has the ability create., some cult members, we assessed factors involved in cult adhesion, retention and.... Attractive woman the types of people with near complete control of followers to recruit new members of reading... And of course holidays to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform example, some cult members leaving. Endobj These factors could be involved during the rousselet, M. ( 2017 ) individual personality... Where members of the Many tactics that cults use to recruit new.! Quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence you the stories you to... Not make enough money to afford the clothing she needed as a work uniform cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? path salvation... Imagine why anyone would join a cult of their own, their entire becomes.
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