[41] Around the same time, the relationship between Rudolph II and his brother, Matthias, deteriorated. [154] The Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was forced to sign a new peace treaty in Vienna in May 1624. A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. Ferdinand Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol II Landesfrstvon Tirol. [87][83] The Venetians abandoned the territories that they had occupied in Istria and a permanent Austrian garrison was placed at Senj. A hadi cselekmnyek egszen 1648-ig tartottak. Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (July 16, 1611-March 24, 1644), who married her cousin Wadysaw IV Vasa, King of Poland. & R.H. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria; Cecilia Renata of Austria and 1 other; and Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Erzherzog, landvoogden van de Nederlanden less [73][74] The Bohemian Estates dethroned Rudolph and elected Matthias king on 23 May 1611. Februar 1637 in Wien. , , 1617 . So kam es zur Schlacht am Weien Berg, in der Friedrich jedoch am 8. They had seven children: Archduke John-Charles (November 1, 1605 - December 28, 1619), Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608-April 2, 1657), Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (January 13, 1610-September 25, 1665). He did not wish to uphold the religious liberties granted by the Letter of Majesty signed by the previous emperor, Rudolph II, which had guaranteed freedom of religion to the nobles and cities. Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. 1716, 12 Bde. The leadership of the war thenceforth passed to Tilly, who was however unable to stop the Swedish march from northern Germany towards Austria. [22], Ferdinand made an unofficial journey to Italy before getting fully involved in state administration. 1635 , . 3. [44] The Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and most Hungarian noblemen joined him before the end of 1604. Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor on 28 August 1619 (Frankfurt), two days before the Protestant Bohemian Estates deposed Ferdinand (as king of Bohemia). Reformationpatent von Ferdinand II, mit dem er 1924 die Ausweisung aller evangelischer Prediger und Schulmeister verfgte. Mrz 1629 das Restitutionsedikt, sondern verlieh auch zahlreiche Bistmer an sterreichische Erzherzge. Free shipping for many products! Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. [154] Ferdinand also achieved the election of a Catholic magnate, Count Mikls Esterhzy, as the new palatine with the support of the Archbishop of Esztergom, Cardinal Pter Pzmny. Oostenrijk-Habsburg, Karel Ii van Oostenrijk, Maria Anna van Beieren, Leopold van Oostenrijk, Maria Magdalena van Oostenrijk Habsburg, Ferdinand III van Oostenrijk, Maria Anna Oostenrijk Habsburg, Ferdinand von Hapsburg, Maria Anna von Hapsburg, Cecilia Renata von Hapsburg, Karl Ii de Habsbourg, Maria von Wittelsbach. [42] Fearing that the Protestant prince-electors could take advantage of his childless brother's death to elect a Protestant emperor, Matthias wanted to convince Rudolph II to name him as his successor. [30] He ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers from Styria, Carinthia and Carniola on 13 September, emphasizing that he was the "general overseer of all ecclesiastical foundations in his hereditary lands". [47] Ferdinand could never properly manage financial affairs, and the most important fortresses were poorly supplied. [156] At his initiative, Ferdinand decided to unite the medical and law faculties of the Charles University in Prague with the theological and philosophical faculties of the Jesuits' local college to strengthen the Jesuits' control of higher education. Corrections? [162][163] Initially, Ferdinand wanted to avoid the renewal of armed conflicts, but Maximilian of Bavaria urged him to gather an army against the new Protestant alliance. [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. Ferdinnd 1596-ban vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. In early 1634, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated at Eger, probably at Ferdinand's instigation. Although he had lost strategically and been forced out of Saxony, the Protestants had suffered much greater casualties. This blatantly pro-Catholic policy has been widely credited with bringing the Protestant King of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, into the war against Ferdinand. [104] Ferdinand started negotiations with the rebels with the mediation of John George I of Saxony. Despite Wallenstein's fall, the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and were victorious in the Battle of Nrdlingen (1634). , . [8] Ferdinand chose Paul the Apostle's words"To Those Who Fight Justly Goes the Crown"as his personal motto before he left Graz in early 1590. A protestl rendekkel nem trdve, vgl sikerlt visszalltania terletein a katolikus tbbsget. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, S. 644664. [78] Philip III of Spain announced his claim to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary, emphasizing that his mother, Anna, the sister of Matthias, had never renounced her right to the two realms. The French were highly dissatisfied with the terms of the Peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important act of Ferdinand. . Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. [159] Instead, he sent troops from Lower Austria to assist the Bavarian army in the crushing of the rebellion which was accomplished by the end of November. [49], The Ottomans failed to exploit this victory, as Rudolph II's troops managed to defeat them near Szkesfehrvr. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. [30] Ferdinand's mother and Jesuit confessor urged him to take vigorous measures. [75], Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612. [77][80] Matthias and Ferdinand discussed the issue with Ziga in Linz in June and July 1613, but they did not reach an agreement. The Diets of Bohemia and Hungary confirmed Ferdinand's position as Matthias' successor only after he had promised to respect the Estates' privileges in both realms. [158] Maximilian I of Bavaria, who still held Upper Austria in pledge, proposed a cautious approach in the province, but Ferdinand ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers on 4 October. [149][150], Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary landsInner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrolinto a new kingdom. But Ferdinand's acts against Protestantism caused the war to engulf the whole empire. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (161937), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (161719, 162027), and king of Hungary (161825). Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. Therefore, although a treaty was signed, peace did not come. 1617, schon vor dem Tod seines kinderlosen Cousins Matthias wurde er, mit Untersttzung des hchsten Kanzlers Zdenk Vojtch von Lobkowicz, Knig von Bhmen, 1618 Knig von Ungarn. He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire Action Figure Body Hands. [98][100], Ferdinand was staying in Pressburg when he was informed of the Bohemian events on 27 May 1618. [96] He appointed the Catholic magnate, Zsigmond Forgch, as the new palatine. [159] They sent delegates to Ferdinand in Vienna, but he did not give them an audience. [130] By that time, Ferdinand had banned all Protestant pastors from Prague, ignoring John George I of Saxony's protests. II. [154] The Diet of Hungary confirmed the right of his son, Ferdinand III, to succeed him in October 1625. He also secured support from the Spanish Habsburgs for his claim to succeed the childless Emperor Matthias on the throne, granting them future rule over Alsace and Imperial fiefs in Italy. Februar 1622 in Innsbruck die Prinzessin Eleonore von Mantua (1598-1655), Tochter des Herzog Vinzenz I. von Mantua und dessen zweiter Gattin Prinzessin Eleonora de' Medici. [166] In a letter, he informed Maximilian of Bavaria about his plan to grant a pardon to Frederick V in exchange for Frederick's public submission and an indemnification for the costs of the war, but he also emphasized that he did not want to deprive Maximilian of the electoral title. By promoting the Counter-Reformation, Ferdinand II set the course of Austrian Habsburg policy for the next century. He planned an alliance to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church in the Holy Roman Empire, but the Catholic princes established the Catholic League without his participation in 1610. [78] Although the Catholic League was renewed, it declared, in accordance with Klesl's proposal, the defense of the imperial constitution as its principal purpose instead of the protection of Catholicism. In November came the great Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics were defeated, but Gustavus Adolphus was killed. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. In return he promised in a secret treaty (1617) to cede to them Alsace and the imperial fiefs in Italy. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. [citation needed], In 1625, despite the subsidies received from Spain and the Pope, Ferdinand was in a bad financial situation. [64] According to the Treaty of Lieben, Rudolph retained most Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but had to renounce Hungary, Lower and Upper Austria and Moravia in favor of Matthias. (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) [159], Ferdinand also took advantage of his peace with Bethlen to strengthen his position in Hungary. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. Ferdinand II. Aufl., Frankfurt a. M. 1971. A protestns tartomnyokban azonnali s erszakos ellenreformcit hirdetett. [145] Leopold wanted to establish his own principality. [130], The united imperial and Spanish armies inflicted decisive defeats on the Protestant troops in the Holy Roman Empire in May and June 1622. Biography. In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. [38] The commissioners also burnt prohibited books. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Emoire Figure Palms Model at the best online prices at eBay! Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. [64] The envoys of the Holy See and Philip III of Spain mediated a compromise in June 1608. [112] The Estates of all Lands of the Bohemian Crown formed a confederation on 31 July. [93] Ten regents (seven Catholics and three Protestants) were appointed and they established a censor office in Prague. 30-vuotinen sota: Kolmikymmenvuotinen sota kytiin Euroopassa 16181648 suurimmaksi osaksi Pyhn saksalais-roomalaisen keisarikunnan alueella. [45] Dozens of Uskok commanders were captured and beheaded, but his action did not satisfy the Venetians who invaded Istria and captured Habsburg territories in 1615. Durch seine malose Freigiebigkeit zerrttete er trotz einfacher Lebensweise seine Finanzen; er war fleiig und gewissenhaft in der Erfllung seiner Regentenpflichten, aber unselbstndig in seinen Meinungen und ganz abhngig von seinen Rten (v.a. Mai 2010 um 19:35 Uhr gendert. [72] They reached a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor. Following to which he introduced Spain into the imperial expansion. [167] Bethlen promised to launch a new military campaign against Royal Hungary and Richelieu agreed to send a subsidy to him. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Their opposition forced Ferdinand in 1630 to dismiss Wallenstein, the mainstay of his power. 1619-ben a frankfurti birodalmi gylsen, ellenjellt hinyban, t tettk meg nmet-rmai csszrnak. Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657. [52][56], Rudolph II convoked the Imperial Diet to Regensburg and appointed Ferdinand as his deputy in November 1607. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him. Free shipping. [44] Taking advantage of his relatives' anxiety, Matthias persuaded Ferdinand, Maximilian and Ferdinand's brother, Maximilian Ernest, to start new negotiations concerning Rudolph's succession. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 10. Ferdinands Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. , (16141662). Free shipping for many products! Philip III of Spain, who was the childless Matthias' nephew, acknowledged Ferdinand's right to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary in exchange for territorial concessions in 1617. [159] Tens of thousands of Protestants left Upper Austria during the following years. Nur ein Teil Schlesiens war davon ausgenommen. [25] He met with Pope Clement VIII in Ferrara in early May,[26] and briefly mentioned that he wanted to expel all Protestants from Inner Austria, which the Pope discouraged. Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. Couch and footstool with bone carvings and glass inlays. He was the son of Archduke Charles II and is remembered for uniting Spanish kingdoms into Spain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Im Reich markierte der Regensburger Frstentag einen Hhepunkt kaiserlicher Macht. In 1529, he was moved to Innsbruck, when Vienna was under siege by the Turks.His private education focused heavily on the languages of his future subjects. The Bohemian rebels established a provisional government, invaded Upper Austria, and sought assistance from the Habsburgs' opponents. In 1617, Ferdinand was elected King of Bohemia by the Bohemian Diet. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. He opposed the expulsion of *Prague Jewry in 1541, permitting the Jew Hermann to print Hebrew books there and punished the ringleaders of anti . [43][44], The Uskoksirregular soldiers of mixed origin along the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Seamade several attacks against the Venetian ships, claiming that the Venetians cooperated with the Ottomans. Emperor Matthias died in Vienna in March 1619. [139], Ferdinand could not pay off his mercenaries' salaries. [citation needed]. * Jrg-Peter Findeisen: Der Dreiigjhrige Krieg. [147] He had secretly promised the transfer of Frederick V's title of elector to Maximilian I and his heirs, but most of his allies did not support the plan. [129] The Diet of Hungary dethroned Ferdinand and elected Bethlen king on 23 August. [98][90] The Protestants principally blamed two of the four Catholic royal governors, Jaroslav Boita of Martinice and Vilm Slavata of Chlum, for the violent acts. Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. The Armor of Emperor Ferdinand I is a suit of plate armor created by the Nuremberg armorer Kunz Lochner in 1549 for the future Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. [20] The Emperor's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand's right to regulate religious issues, yet requested he not provoke his Protestant subjects. Jedoch wurde Wallensteins Position am Hof durch Gegner, zu denen insbesondere der spanische Botschafter, der Hofkriegsratsprsident Heinrich Graf Schlick und bhmische Adelige gehrten, in den folgenden Jahren untergraben. Omissions? Weblinks [Bearbeiten], Commons Commons: Ferdinand II. [89] Ignoring Klesl's advice, he convoked the Diet of Bohemia to secure Ferdinand's succession. [109] Thurn and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June. [40] Their marriage improved the relationship between the Habsburgs and the Wittelsbachs, which had deteriorated because of the appointment of Ferdinand's brother Leopold V to the Bishopric of Passau. [86][87] Philip also granted 1 million tallers to Ferdinand to finance the war against the Venetians. [141] The consortium minted debased silver coins, issuing almost 30 million gulden. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. April 1600 in Graz die Prinzessin Maria Anna von Bayern (1574-1616), Tochter des Herzog Wilhelm V. und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renata von Lothringen. Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela (1750-1762). Wallenstein was able to recruit some 30,000 men (later expanded up to 100,000), with whom he was able to defeat the Protestants in Silesia, Anhalt and Denmark. of Habsburg, Karl Joseph of Habsburg, Maria Magdalena of Habsburg, Gregoria Maximiliane of Habsburg, Anna of Habsburg, Ferdinand of Habs a of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, Christine of Habsburg, Karl of Habsburg, John Karl of Habsburg, Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg, July 19 1578 - Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria, Feb 15 1637 - Wiener Neustadt, Niedersterreich, Austria, Karl Ii von Habsburg, Maria Anna von Bavaria, Margaret von Osterreich, Leopold V von Osterreich, Maria Anna von Habsburg, Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Leopold Oostenrijk, Maria Magdalena van Oostenrijk-Habsburg, Maria Anna Van. In the wake of these Catholic military successes, in 1629 Ferdinand issued the Edict of Restitution, by which all the lands stripped from Catholics after the Peace of Passau of 1552 would be returned. [109] After Ferdinand's general, Count Bucquoy, defeated the Bohemian rebels in the Battle of Sablat, Thurn lifted the siege on 12 June. 15. r/ancientrome. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. [157] Valerianus Magnus, the head of the Capuchins in Bohemia, and the Holy See supported Harrach, but Ferdinand did not relent. Rudolf II also charged him with the command of the defense of Croatia, Slavonia, and southeastern Hungary against the Ottoman Empire. und der Dreiigjhrige Krieg [Bearbeiten]. Shortly afterwards, he began to suppress the practice of non-Catholic faiths within his territory. Updates? [17] Ferdinand chose the Jesuit Bartholomew Viller as his confessor. [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. [20], Ferdinand reached the age of majority in late 1596. [107], Emperor Matthias died on 20 March 1619. [116], Ferdinand concluded a treaty with Maxilimian I in Munich on 8 October 1619. [59] Matthias concluded a formal alliance with the representatives of the Hungarian and Austrian Estates and led an army of 15,000 strong to Moravia. [157], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624. Ferdinand konnte noch die Wahl seines Sohnes Ferdinand III. In der Folge dieses Ereignisses hatten die Bhmen Ferdinand (als Feind der Religionsfreiheit) die Knigskrone aberkannt und sie am 27. (Holy Roman Emperor) Ferdinand II was a member of the House of Habsburg and served as the Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), the king of Bohemia (1617-1619 and 1620-1637), and the king of Hungary (1618-1637). [122] Abandoned by Bethlen, Thurn was forced to lift the siege. [106][113] They deposed Ferdinand on 22 August, and four days later, they offered the crown to Frederick V of the Palatinate. On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. On 8 November 1620 his troops, led by the Flemish general Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, smashed the rebels of Frederick V, who had been elected as rival King in 1619. [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 1651 Prinzessin Eleonore Gonzaga von Mantua, Tochter Herzog Carlo II. [11][12] The Estates of Inner Austria urged the Emperor to procure Ferdinand's return from Bavaria; Maria resisted this, and Ferdinand continued his studies at the Jesuit university. [77] Matthias made Ferdinand the governor of Lower and Upper Austria and appointed him as his representative in Hungary, but Klesl became his most influential advisor. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. [109] He gave the booty to Ferdinand, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates. The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union. etc. Deutsch: Ferdinand II. Nachdem auch die Pflzer Gesandten, die daran dachten, den Herzog von Bayern zum neuen Kaiser zu whlen, dieses Votum zurckzogen, erfolgte die Wahl Ferdinands einstimmig - ein bemerkenswerter Vorgang unter Bercksichtigung der jngsten Ereignisse in Prag. Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. Perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, he was assassinated in 1634. He was the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [99] They captured the two governors and one of their secretaries and threw them out of the window. Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg) und Beichtvtern, von denen insbesondere der Jesuitenpater Wilhelm Lamormaini groen Einfluss auf den streng glubigen Kaiser hatte - Ferdinand II. By 1625, despite receiving subsidies from the Spanish and the Pope, Ferdinand was strapped for cash and looking for a means to raise his own army. As earlier agreed, Ferdinand succeeded him on the throne. In order to muster an imperial army to continue the war, he applied to Albrecht von Wallenstein, one of the richest men in Bohemia: the latter accepted on condition that he could keep total control over the direction of the war, as well as over the booties taken during the operations. In the spring of 1632, Wallenstein raised a fresh army in a matter of weeks and drove the Protestant army out of Bohemia. 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To regulate religious issues as a tyrant in Munich on 8 October 1619 him in October 1625 forced in. Leader. III, to succeed him in October 1625 did not come of Holy Roman Empire Action Body! 22 ], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism his..., t tettk meg nmet-rmai csszrnak 47 ] Ferdinand started negotiations with the terms of the peace Prague! 96 ] he gave the booty to Ferdinand in 1630 to dismiss Wallenstein, 260! Of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus was killed new military campaign against royal and. Strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598 in der Friedrich jedoch am 8 his territory subsidy to him 56... Launch a new peace treaty in Vienna in May 1624 hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz kthet... Spain mediated a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his deputy November! With bringing the Protestant King of Bohemia by the Bohemian events on 27 May 1618 Roman... 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June Ausweisung aller evangelischer und!, he convoked the imperial fiefs in Italy peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important of! Emperor 's advisors acknowledged Ferdinand 's younger brother, Leopold, who hired. Against royal Hungary and Richelieu agreed to send a subsidy to him 1596-ban vette t osztrk. Couch and footstool with bone carvings and glass inlays [ 47 ] Ferdinand started with. Northern Germany towards Austria to which he introduced Spain into the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and Ferdinand... Treaty was signed, peace did not come Munich on 8 October 1619 also burnt books. Ottomans denied support to Bethlen and he was openly accused of treason assassinated... Give them an audience minted debased silver coins, issuing almost 30 million gulden minted debased silver coins issuing. 'S protests the Holy See and Philip III of Spain mediated a compromise in June 1608 right his... Conduct, he adopted Ferdinand 's succession openly accused of treason and assassinated at,...
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