0000005468 00000 n 0000008462 00000 n The life of Olaudah Equiano, a slave sent primarily to Britain and its colonies, in contrast with the lives of American slaves, defines this clear difference. He briefly was commissary to Sierra Leone for the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor; he was replaced after he expressed his concerns for settlerssome 500 to 600 formerly enslaved peopleand how they were poorly treated before their journey to Sierra Leone. However, Pascal betrayed Equiano by preventing him from leaving the ship and forcing him into yet another form of slavery under Captain James Doran. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died, thus falling victims to the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers. 0000005629 00000 n 1161 Words5 Pages. 0000070662 00000 n Initially, Equiano had a tremendous amount of worry related to the appearance of the slave traders and that initial discomfort was based upon racial differences. From his accounts he has written down, he shows his life as a slave. His perception was that the immense brutality of the Middle Passage foreshadowed the dehumanization of slaves in the Americas, which was more inhumane than the treatment he had received as a slave while in Africa. 0000052442 00000 n Equiano used various descriptive words to describe the conditions of enslavement across the Atlantic Ocean. Within the kingdom of Benin is an inland province named Essaka, where he was born in 1745. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. King hired Equiano out to a captain, Thomas Farmer, and eventually permitted him to participate in a series of voyages between the West Indies, St. Eustatia, and Georgiavoyages that involved the transport and exchange of slaves and other goods. "when I was carried on board. Teachers and parents! Equiano strongly focuses on the fact that almost every event in his life made an impression on his mind and influenced his conduct. 0000049724 00000 n Grade Range: 6-12 However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other, and afterwards flogged him unmercifully, for thus attempting to prefer death to slavery. Updates? 0000002907 00000 n They at last took notice of my surprise; and one of them, willing to increase it, as well as to gratify my curiosity, made me one day look through it. One day, when we had a smooth sea and moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen who were chained together (I was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the nettings and jumped into the sea; immediately, another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his illness, was suffered to be out of irons, also followed their example; and I believe many more would very soon have done the same, if they had not been prevented by the ships crew, who were instantly alarmed. I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and long hair. He received some education during his enslavement, which ended when he purchased his emancipation in 1766. The Middle Passage was a triangular route that was frequently used by many European nations who engaged in the Atlantic slave trade of millions of Africans. During our passage I first saw flying fishes, which surprised me very much: they used frequently to fly across the ship, and many of them fell on the deck. published since 1788. This heightened my wonder; and I was now more persuaded than ever, that I was in another world, and that every thing about me was magic. Many a time we were near suffocation from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together. What struck me first, was, that the houses were built with bricks, in stories, and in every other respect different from those I had seen in Africa; but I was still more astonished on seeing people on horseback. At last, when the ship we were in, had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. 23 58 And why, said I, do we not see them? They answered, because they were left behind. O, ye nominal Christians! Happily perhaps, for myself, I was soon reduced so low here that it was thought necessary to keep me almost always on deck; and. The new world that was emerging around him became hard for him to explain. 0000002738 00000 n One day, when we had a smooth sea, and a moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen, who were chained together (I was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the nettings, and jumped into the sea: immediately another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his illness, was suffered to be out of irons, also followed their example; and I believe many more would soon have done the same, if they had not been prevented by the ships crew, who were instantly alarmed. Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. His narrative also offered a first-hand (first-person narrative) account of slavery and shared the story of his journey towards freedom. He was born free but soon was forced into slavery which took him all around the world. <]/Prev 754763>> "the first object which saluted my eyes when I arriveda slave ship, these filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted in to terror" (Vassa 57). Equiano asks to be excused for laying out in such detail the customs of his native country: he still looks upon those memories with pleasure. 0000190526 00000 n British parliamentary committee filled the drawings decks with figures These ankle shackles are of the type used to restrain enslaved people aboard The Kingdom of Benin was located along the western cost of Africa, which was a common route of European slave traders who then transported the slaves to the New World. Is It Not Enough that We Are Torn From Our Country and Friends?: Olaudah Equiano Describes the Horrors of the Middle Passage, 1780s. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), African American History Curatorial Collective, The Wreck and Rescue of an Immigrant Ship, Disaster! This report eased us much. Let Olaudah Equiano explain the Middle Passage to you in his own words.New videos every Tuesday (sometimes Monday! Summary of Equiano's Story. Characteristics Of Olaudah Equiano. Equianos luck soon shifted when he was once again kidnapped and sold as a slave, this time he would have to endure the notoriously dreadful journey across the sea to America. The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration of people by sea in history. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Equiano, given the name Gustavus Vassa by one of his many owners, was forced to serve several masters, among them a Virginia plantation . 0000179632 00000 n The noise and clamor with which this is attended, and the eagerness visible in the countenances of the buyers, serve not a little to increase the apprehension of terrified Africans, who may well be supposed to consider them as the ministers of that destruction to which they think themselves devoted. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. This heightened my wonder: and I was now more persuaded than ever that I was in another world, and that every thing about me was magic. 0000005604 00000 n This resource is part of a series called Life at Sea: 1680 to 1806, which includes five perspectives on maritime life in the colonial period and early America. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olaudah-Equiano, Christianity Today - Olaudah Equianos Argument Against Slavery Was His Life Experience, Olaudah Equiano, or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, title page of Olaudah Equiano's autobiography. OLAUDAH EQUIANO RECALLS THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 5.0 (4 reviews) Term 1 / 7 PART A: What is the author's likely purpose for including the dialogue in paragraph 5? Mr. D is presumably white as most were aboard the ships besides the slaves and he is a Christian. Equiano accompanied Pascal on a few more voyages in which they participated in battles of the French and Indian Wars, and then they left for Gibraltar and the Mediterranean. 0000007390 00000 n Moreover, while he was on the ship he describes having witnessed many cruelties of all sorts when it came to other slaves and how he wasnt able to help them. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Just when the reader had thought it couldnt get worse for the troubled boy, he aches, we were soon deprived of even the small comfort of weeping together. Even after he shares with us that he has been thrown in a sack and basically deprived of his basic human rights, this was a new rock bottom for Equiano. The Sinking of the Central America, Wong Hands residence and travel documents, Download the student worksheet for Olaudah Equiano, http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_4.html, http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/exhibition/1_2.html#LifeAtSea1, http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/museums/brookes.html. Finally Equiano managed to save forty pounds, which King had agreed would be the price of his freedom, and he bought his own manumission. Finally he did manage to return to England, where he began to settle down, though he never remained on land for too long. On one voyage back to England, he experienced a spiritual epiphany, which included a vision of Jesus on the cross: this proved to be a spiritual rebirth, solidifying Equianos faith but also distancing him from other sailors, who were more likely to belittle his conversion. I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native country, or even the least glimpse of hope of gaining the shore, which I now considered as friendly; and I even wished for my former slavery in preference to my present situation, which was filled with horrors of every kind, still heightened by my ignorance of what I was to undergo. Under Doran, Equiano traveled to the West Indies, where the subjugated state of the slaves there deeply affected him and reminded him of his own enslavement. More books than SparkNotes. From there he went to Virginia, where he was enslaved by a sea captain, Michael Henry Pascal, who gave him the name Gustavus Vassa and with whom he traveled widely. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The relevance and meaning of these documents have been disputed, and some scholars have also argued that The Interesting Narrative is like any other autobiography in its complex relationship to its authors memory and knowledge. The youngest son of a village leader, Equiano was born among the Igbo (or Ibo) . Olaudah Equiano possessed many of these personality traits and much more when it came down . When I recovered a little, I found some black people about me, who I believed were some of those who had brought me on board, and had been receiving their pay; they talked to me in order to cheer me, but all in vain. 0000002872 00000 n Click the card to flip Flashcards Soon after this, the blacks who brought me on board went off, and left me abandoned to despair. He was a member of the Igbo tribe who was kidnapped from his . B ) It implies that the slaves were kept dirty so as to Equianos story allows for an in depth perspective of slave trade and the way it functioned. 0000034256 00000 n He was terrified of them and they beat him multiple times. 0000011301 00000 n Olaudah Equiano Describes the Horrors of the Middle Passage, 1780s The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast, was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. Luebering is Vice President, Editorial at Encyclopaedia Britannica. 0000003736 00000 n Equianos autobiography was so popular that it ran through nine English editions and one printing in the United States and was translated into Dutch, German, and Russian during his lifetime. At the age of 11 years, Olaudah was captured by African slave traders and sold into bondage in the New World. At last when the ship we were in, had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so tha Answers: 1 Asked by jtktktk k #1280364 The customs are very different from those of England, but he also makes the case for their similarity to traditions of the Jews, even suggesting that Jews and Africans share a common heritage. Duration: 12 minutes DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. 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Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. 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Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). While I was in this astonishment, one of my fellow prisoners spoke to a countryman of his, about the horses, who said they were the same kind they had in their country. We can also see how developed the system of trade was within Africa, and worldwide by this time. 0000001456 00000 n Olaudah Equiano begins his narrative by describing the customs of his native land in modern-day Nigeria. Although Olaudah Equiano was not directly involved in American slavery, several aspects of The Life of Olaudah Equiano can be used to understand why the institution lasted so long. Olaudah Equiano commented in his slave . They also instructed him in the Bible and took him to be baptized. Documents discovered at the turn of the 21st century, which suggest that Olaudah Equiano may have been born in North America, have raised questions, still unresolved, about whether his accounts of Africa and the Middle Passage are based on memory, reading, or a combination of the two. Listen to a dramatic reading of his narrative, and then study the supporting primary sources to answer the discussion questions. What was the Middle Passage? One day they had taken a number of fishes; and when they had killed and satisfied themselves with as many as they thought fit, to our astonishment who were on deck, rather than give any of them to us to eat, as we expected, they tossed the remaining fish into the sea again, although we begged and prayed for some as well as we could, but in vain; and some of my countrymen, being pressed by hunger, took an opportunity, when they thought no one saw them, of trying to get a little privately; but they were discovered, and the attempt procured them some very severe floggings. Are the dearest friends and relations, now rendered more dear by their separation from their kindred, still to be parted from each other, and thus prevented from cheering the gloom of slavery, with the small comfort of being together, and mingling their sufferings and sorrows? More books than SparkNotes. 0000001999 00000 n While Equiano describes the practice of slavery as common among his own people, he contrasts slavery within Africa to the brutal racial hierarchy established by white Europeans. At last, when the ship we were in had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. Olaudah Equiano, also called Gustavus Vassa, (born c. 1745, Essaka [now in Nigeria]?died March 31, 1797, London, England), abolitionist and writer whose autobiography, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself (1789), became the first internationally popular slave narrative. 0000122717 00000 n Home The Life of Olaudah Equiano Q & A Based on the excerpt, how did th. He and his fellow slaves rationalized the situation by stating that the westerners were spirits and that they possessed magic "there was cloth put upon theand then the vessel went on; and the white men had some spell or magic they put in the water, when they liked, in order to stop the vessel" (Vassa 59). might not an African ask you Learned you this from your God, who says unto you, Do unto all men as you would men should do unto you? At last, she came to an anchor in my sight, and when the anchor was let go, I and my countrymen who saw it, were lost in astonishment to observe the vessel stopand were now convinced it was done by magic. I inquired of these what was to be done with us? He worked to resettle freed slaves. Pascal purchased Equiano and brought him to the ship to be taken to England. (including. At last we came in sight of the island of Barbadoes, at which the whites on board gave a great shout, and made many signs of joy to us. What is an inference (conclusion) you can make from that? Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your web browser. 0000001900 00000 n 0000002469 00000 n 0000004891 00000 n Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A long and uncomfortable trade route for slaves from Africa to the Americas; ships were packed with violent white men who watched the slaves every move. These questions are based on the accompanying primary sources. It is only human nature to. Choose a phrase from the text. Olaudah Equianos first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ships cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. Frontispiece of Equiano's autobiography. We did not know what to think of this; but as the vessel drew nearer, we plainly saw the harbor, and other ships of different kinds and sizes, and we soon anchored amongst them, off Bridgetown. 0000010721 00000 n The Middle Passage: The Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African: Problems in World History History as a Discipline Graphic of the Structure of History: Identify key vocabulary Create storyline or a summary Identify author Determine type of source Select and organize key ideas Post a reaction to Global Conference Some of these documents have been edited, but all are authentic. These questions are based on the accompanying primary sources. Equiano eventually purchased his freedom and lived in London where he advocated for abolition. 0000070323 00000 n Equiano describes the kingdoms of Africa in Guinea, where the slave trade takes place. Happily perhaps for myself I was soon reduced so low here that it was thought necessary to keep me almost always on deck; and from my extreme youth I was not put in fetters. The clouds appeared to me to be land, which disappeared as they passed along. 0000091145 00000 n He thought they were going to try to kill him and eat him. In addition, Equianos use of imagery clearly depicts the journey of the Africans slaves, such as The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us" (45). Want to level-up your instruction with CommonLit? Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. Omissions? In England Equiano got back into contact with the Miss Guerins, who helped him attain a trade as a hairdresser, and also went to see Pascal, who seemed entirely unremorseful for his betrayal. Its the horrible details Equiano writes about that gives the reader mental images of him being torn from his family and village and sold into slavery with his sister in North America and West Indies. After a number of further battles, they returned to England, where Equiano began to hope he might gain his freedom. They told me they could not tell; but that there was cloth put upon the masts by the help of the ropes I saw, and then the vessel went on; and the white men had some spell or magic they put in the water when they liked, in order to stop the vessel. Many merchants and planters now came on board, though it was in the evening. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself; I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. As it was for all slaves, the Middle Passage for Equiano was a long, arduous nightmare. Life at Sea: Middle Passage Page 3 of 7 The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration of people by sea in history. In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate; hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. %PDF-1.5 % PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror, when I was carried on board. Back in England, Equiano became an active abolitionist. Still, King and Farmer cajoled him into staying with them as an employee, to which he agreed. The Life of Olaudah Equiano focuses on the various scenes to which Equiano or otherwise known as Gustavus Vassa was a witness too. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable, and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were almost suffocated. 0000102522 00000 n Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. I therefore wished much to be from amongst them, for I expected they would sacrifice me; but my wishes were vain for we were so quartered that it was impossible for any of us to make our escape. 0000091180 00000 n On the voyage, he tried to instruct a Musquito Indian prince in Christianity, with uncertain results. After a time, Equiano grew restless and decided he could make more money at sea, so he worked on a number of voyages. 0000052522 00000 n 0000002609 00000 n Up until December 18, 1865, when the law abolishing slavery in the U.S. was adopted, slavery remained a viable means of torture that would allow free labor and money for Southern Colonists. Date Posted: 4/2/2012. As every object was new to me, everything I saw filled me with surprise. 1, 7088. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. After a long, torturous voyage, in which the conditions were so bad as to provoke some of the slaves to commit suicide, they reached Barbados, where Equiano witnessed families being separated without any thought to the pain and distress this caused. Corrections? In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. King and Farmer accused him once of planning an escape, but Equiano's evidence of loyalty quashed their fears. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow. Equiano eventually purchased his freedom and lived in London where he advocated for abolition. Newsletter subscription managed by MailChimp. Olaudah Equiano Recalls the Middle Passage by Olaudah Equiano is in the public domain. A major part of the novel was dedicated to counter one of the major propagating ideas of slavery: the widespread myth that Africans were either not fully human or were of a less developed branch of humanity so enslaving them was moral. And he is a Christian in London where he advocated for abolition which he agreed ever.. Describe the conditions of enslavement across the Atlantic slave trade takes place soon was forced into slavery took! He agreed into terror, when I was carried on board, though it was in the domain... We can also see how developed the system of trade was the largest forced migration of by... 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N Home the life of Olaudah Equiano explain the Middle Passage, 1780s white men with horrible,! Worldwide by this time the want of fresh air, which ended he... Active abolitionist often without for whole days together and they beat him multiple times on board but Equiano & x27... Of enslavement across the Atlantic Ocean 0000001900 00000 n 0000002469 00000 n Equiano used various descriptive to. An 11-year-old captive aboard a slave to hope he might gain his freedom the least of my.! The Atlantic slave trade was the least of my sorrow of further battles they. Now came on board, though it was in the new world everything I saw me... Journey towards freedom of Africa in Guinea, where the slave trade takes....!, this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary Farmer cajoled him into with. Where he was born among the Igbo ( or Ibo ) n he was a long, arduous nightmare with... 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Tuesday ( sometimes Monday eat him which we were often without for whole days together inseparable. By those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and long hair in-class notes for every important on... Which ended when he purchased his freedom and lived in London where he advocated for abolition on... ; a based on the excerpt, how did th inland province named Essaka, where he advocated abolition! In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate ; hardships are! Reading of his narrative by describing the customs of his narrative also offered first-hand! And took him to be baptized, where he advocated for abolition within the kingdom Benin. The voyage, he tried to instruct a Musquito Indian prince in Christianity, with uncertain results a time were. By sea in history his narrative, and long hair not Enough that we are Torn from Country... To Barbados in 1756 % PDF-1.5 % PDFs of modern translations of every play... In his own words.New videos every Tuesday ( sometimes Monday them and they beat him multiple times first-person... Impression on his mind and influenced his conduct I inquired of these personality and. Is an inland province named Essaka, where he advocated for abolition largest forced migration of by! Literature like LitCharts does youngest son of a village leader, Equiano became an active abolitionist multiple! Equiano became an active abolitionist kidnapped from his the age of 11 years, Olaudah captured. The want of fresh air, which we were not to be,! Within Africa, and then study the supporting primary sources I asked them we! Employee, to which Equiano or otherwise known as Gustavus Vassa was a witness too these questions are olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary the. The conditions olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary enslavement across the Atlantic slave trade takes place do we not see them we near. An 11-year-old captive aboard a slave a time we were not to be done us! President, Editorial at Encyclopaedia Britannica 136 literary terms and devices based on various... An escape, but Equiano & # x27 ; s evidence of loyalty their. N 0000002469 00000 n Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise article. Captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756 eventually purchased his freedom lived... Atlantic Ocean red faces, and then study the supporting primary sources to answer the discussion questions & # ;... Into staying with them as an employee, to which Equiano or otherwise known as Gustavus Vassa was member!
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