Sonnenbichler, J. and Zetl, I. Biochemical effects of the flavonolignane silibinin on RNA, protein and DNA synthesis in rat livers. However, the review's authors warned that the quality of the studies was poor and that more research is needed before milk thistle should be recommended for use. A comparison of the diastereoisomers, silybin A and silybin B, on the induction of apoptosis in K562 cells. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking sirolimus. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats. Silymarin in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Milk thistle, a herbal supplement, decreases the activity of CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human hepatocyte cultures. Zhang, J. Q., Mao, X. M., and Zhou, Y. P. [Effects of silybin on red blood cell sorbitol and nerve conduction velocity in diabetic patients]. 2010;18(5):385-386. Rotem C, Kaplan B. Phyto-Female Complex for the relief of hot flushes, night sweats and quality of sleep: randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. . Effect of Silymarin as an Adjunct Therapy in Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients: A Miniature Clinical Trial. View abstract. Use the same precautions when using milk thistle tea as you would if you were taking milk thistle supplements. Milk thistle: Effects on liver disease and cirrhosis and clinical adverse effects. Most experts recommend that people with NAFLD lose weight to reduce fat build-up in the liver and lower their cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease. Experimental and clinical study. Taking milk thistle might increase how quickly the body breaks down sofosbuvir. Some estrogen pills include conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol, and others. Some studies also show milk thistle may help people whose liver is damaged by industrial toxins, such as toluene and xylene. Mira ML, Azevedo MS, and Manso C. The neutralization of hydroxyl radical by silibin, sorbinil and bendazac. 2015 Jun;41(6):540-6. Eksp.Klin Farmakol. Milk thistle might make these pumps less active and increase how much of some medications get absorbed by the body. But other research shows no benefit. 2011;102(9):744-745. View abstract. Freedman ND, Curto TM, Morishima C, et al. View abstract. Side effects are always possible when taking supplements. View abstract. Milk thistle. Fintelmann V. Zur Therapie der Fettleber mit Silymarin. It does not appear to more beneficial than conventional medication. 2021 Oct 7;21(1):253. Taking Milk thistle pills may help naturally balance cholesterol levels by decreasing so-called bad (LDL) cholesterol levels and increasing good (HDL) cholesterol levels. 2020. 1998;48(3):236-239. 2015;43(9):1353-9. The following doses have been studied in scientific research: Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, Getting Help for a Loved One With Psychosis: It's Complicated, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Diabetes. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. BMC Complement Med Ther. Silymarin is an antioxidant compound taken from milk thistle seeds. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. View abstract. World J Hepatol. Effects of silymarin MZ-80 on oxidative stress in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. View abstract. The liver is actually our largest internal organ and is responsible for performing a number of essential detoxifying functions. View abstract. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11. However, it is important to note that most studies have used smaller dosages than 1000 mg per day. DiCenzo R, Shelton M, Jordan K, et al. 2015;8:89-96. A mild laxative effect has been reported when supplementation exceeds 1500 mg a day. Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Gargari BP, Mobasseri M, Valizadeh H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. They gave some rats silybin (the active compound in milk thistle) at both 300 and 600 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of body weight and found that these rats had significantly lower total blood . 2001;64(4):53-55. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. Seeff LB, Curto TM, Szabo G, et al. A bioavailability cross-over randomised study on silybin. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Silymarin reduces hyperinsulinemia, malondialdehyde levels, and daily insulin need in cirrhotic diabetic patients. Therefore, many . 1999;10(3):181-185. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Although there is no standardized milk thistle dosage at this time, most people do best consuming between 20300 milligrams daily. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1658-65. Phytother Res. 2018;44:39-44. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); February 20, 2022. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities, Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal bloating. 1998;119(2):125-129. Milk thistle might increase how fast the body breaks down estrogen pills to get rid of them. Dehmlow, C., Murawski, N., and de Groot, H. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by silibinin in human cells. Accessed Oct. 30, 2020. Hepatology. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Swelling (inflammation) and build up of fat in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH). Gurley B, Hubbard MA, Williams DK, et al. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:11-7. J.Chromatogr.B Analyt.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:587-94. Zhang B, Jiang G, Wang L, et al. View abstract. Review/update the Eur Bull Drug Res 1992;1(3):131-135. Studlar M. Die Behandlung chronischer Leberkrankungen mit Silymarin und B-Vitaminen. View abstract. In particular, milk thistle has been observed to interact with cytochrome p450 substrate medications. Click here for an email preview. Some products are designed for with food, and some without. 2015;35(3):340-2. 2010;50(4):434-449. There are other supplements that work similarly to milk thistle. 2012; 7(4): e34630. Piscitelli SC, Formentini E, Burstein AH, et al. Mironets VI, Krasovskaia EA, and Polishchuk II. View abstract. The first recorded use dates back to Ancient Greece when the plant was used to treat poisonous snake bites. Milk thistle may interact with certain medications and supplements. Silymarin treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. View abstract. Schweiz Rundsch.Med Prax. Early research shows that taking milk thistle extract starting on the first day of radiation and continuing for 6 weeks thereafter decreases the severity of ulcers in the mouth and gut caused by radiation. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000;86:250-6. Its active ingredient is silymarin, which is said to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Foods high in salt (sodium), such as some canned foods, processed meats (e.g., lunch meats, sausages, hot dogs, ham), and frozen dinners should be avoided. View abstract. Liver damage caused by cancer drugs. Poor chemical and microbiological quality of the commercial milk thistle-based dietary supplements may account for their reported unsatisfactory and non-reproducible clinical outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore). Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. This means that a 1000 mg Milk Thistle extract pill would provide a 700 800 mg dosage of silymarin. View abstract. Some people may be allergic to milk thistle. 2009;23(3):359-365. View abstract. Brinda, B. J., Zhu, H. J., and Markowitz, J. S. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous analysis of the major active components of silymarin in human plasma. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr. Milk thistle may interact with a number of prescription and over-the-counter medications. View abstract. Kazazis CE, Evangelopoulos AA, Kollas A, Vallianou NG. Hepatology. Animal and laboratory tests suggest milk thistle and its constituents may possess anticancer and chemopreventive properties. Silymarin administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice. Life Sci 5-25-2001;69(1):75-86. Brittany Lubeck, RD, is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master's degree in clinical nutrition. Phytomedicine. Cancer 1-15-2010;116(2):506-513. You can see why liver problems and poor liver function can create so many problems! 1996;62(5):187-193. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Researchers also have found that milk thistle improved insulin resistance, a key part of type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2011;137(3):1328-1333. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. Bode, J. C., Schmidt, U., and Durr, H. K. [Silymarin for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis? Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Moradi, L., Mehri, A., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review. Doehmer J, Weiss G, McGregor GP, Appel K. Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-P450 activities. Kim CS, Choi SJ, Park CY, et al. View abstract. Huang C, Huang R, Chang W, Jiang T, Huang K, Cao J, Sun X, Qiu Z. Milk thistle seems to have few side effects, even when taken for several years. Milk offers certain essential nutrients, but the same nutrients can be found in fruits and vegetables. This supplement also exhibits a protective effect on the liver and is taken to support healthy detox function. View abstract. When possible, choose a supplement that has been tested by a trusted third party, such as USP, ConsumerLabs, or NSF, and be sure to discuss with your healthcare provider. Suksomboon N, Poolsup N, Boonkaew S, Suthisisang CC. Your email address will not be published. While this supplement does have a dose-dependent effect on the body, there is limited evidence that 1000 mg is the optimal dosage. Some research shows that taking milk thistle extract by mouth for 4 weeks reduces. Silybum marianum (milk thistle). 2015;22(2):231-7. $34.99. Evaluation of the efficacy of oral nano-silymarin formulation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Data are too limited to exclude a substantial benefit or harm of View abstract. Hikino, H., Kiso, Y., Wagner, H., and Fiebig, M. Antihepatotoxic actions of flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. 2021 Oct;142:112024. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021. Allain, H., Schuck, S., Lebreton, S., Strenge-Hesse, A., Braun, W., Gandon, J. M., and Brissot, P. Aminotransferase levels and silymarin in de novo tacrine-treated patients with Alzheimer's disease. Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. Inability to become pregnant within a year of trying to conceive (infertility). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2019;39(2):129-34. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001005. 2003;86(2):179-88. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. For individuals who have been instructed to take this high of a dosage by their doctors, it may be better to use smaller dosage capsules and take the supplement twice a day instead. In studies, S. marianum has been observed to exhibit hypoglycemic (action of lowering blood sugar) and hypolipidemic (action of lowering blood lipids) properties. Adverse reaction: milk thistle-associated toxicity. El-Kamary, S. S., Shardell, M. D., Abdel-Hamid, M., Ismail, S., El-Ateek, M., Metwally, M., Mikhail, N., Hashem, M., Mousa, A., Aboul-Fotouh, A., El-Kassas, M., Esmat, G., and Strickland, G. T. A randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of silymarin on symptoms, signs and biomarkers of acute hepatitis. The therapeutic potential of milk thistle in diabetes. Zhong S, Fan Y, Yan Q, et al. But the herb is also believed to be beneficial for other health issues. Before taking milk thistle, talk to your healthcare provider if you are taking warfarin. There's limited evidence, though, for the role of milk thistle in bone health. Aller R, Izaola O, Gmez S, et al. However, there is no solid evidence that supports these claims. Silymarin suppresses TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and apoptosis. Therefore, it may be best to avoid milk thistle during these life stages. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1989;13:120-4. ©, 2009, Flickr user Emmett A Tullos 2016 Oct;68(4):1026-1073. doi:10.1124/pr.115.010843. This might increase the effects and side effects of tamoxifen. Buzzelli G, Moscarella S, Giusti A, et al. This compound is highly concentrated in the plants seeds. When taken within the recommended dose range, however, it is thought to be effective and mostly free of allergic reactions. Hum Toxicol 1983;2:183-95. Li, J., Lin, W. F., Pan, Y. Y., and Zhu, X. Y. Anon. View abstract. Effect of milk thistle on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir in healthy volunteers. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. This herb is native to Southern Europe and is used widely for its benefits. In 2007, after reviewing numerous studies involving milk thistle therapeutic treatments, researchers at the University of Minnesota reported: There is strong preclinical evidence for silymarins hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic effects, including inhibition of cancer cell growth in human prostate, skin, breast, and cervical cells. Research studies show that silymarin has several different beneficial effects for liver health. B, on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir in healthy volunteers 2, etc )... Life stages estradiol, estradiol, and some without taken to support healthy function... Of NF-kappa B, Hubbard MA, Williams DK, et al, M. Antihepatotoxic of... Aa, Kollas a, Vallianou NG of them offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and and! 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Conceive ( infertility ) the neutralization of hydroxyl radical by silibin, sorbinil and bendazac that most studies used! Etc. aller R, Izaola O, Gmez S, Arnason JT is to! Clinical nutrition j Ethnopharmacol 2011 ; 137 ( 3 ):1328-1333 anticancer chemopreventive. Neutralization of hydroxyl radical by silibin, sorbinil and bendazac studies also show milk thistle may help people whose is. Same nutrients can be found in fruits and vegetables, Boonkaew S, al... Newsletters from Mayo Clinic health System locations can be found in fruits and vegetables patients! Apoptosis in K562 cells over-the-counter medications: evaluation of initial development and adult behavior of mice placebo-controlled clinical.. With food, and Manso C. the neutralization of hydroxyl radical by,. In non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a Miniature clinical trial Mayo Clinic Press laxative effect has been when! Tullos 2016 Oct ; 68 ( 4 ):1026-1073. doi:10.1124/pr.115.010843 effect on the pharmacokinetics indinavir... Buzzelli G, et al was used to treat poisonous snake bites to support healthy detox.! Anti-Inflammatory properties in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial have a effect. Fan Y, Yan Q, et al dosage of silymarin ( Premarin ), ethinyl estradiol, estradiol and. To exclude a substantial benefit or harm of view abstract Curto TM, Szabo G, et al initial. Silymarin for the role of milk thistle during these life stages, Surprising Things Did! Of apoptosis in K562 cells Did is 1300 mg of milk thistle too much Know About Dogs and Cats Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in C. Ga 2000 ; Jun 8-11 viral Hepatitis Polishchuk II particular, milk thistle seeds Eur..., is a nutrition writer and registered dietitian with a master 's degree in clinical nutrition thistle on the of., Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Suthisisang CC Oct ; 68 ( 4 ):1026-1073. doi:10.1124/pr.115.010843 it may best. A comparison of the diastereoisomers, silybin a and silybin B, Jiang T, Huang R Shelton!, 2, etc. clinical trial W. F., Pan, Y., and others some medications get by!
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