Card 1366 (20 March 1972) J.B. Shepherd, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Five long-period earthquakes and two brief swarms of VT events occurred in between the tremor episodes; ash venting occurred with the last episode. This island consists of angular blocks 1-10 m across and appears to be the top of a lava dome standing 200 m above the former lake floor. Further References. A period of tremor at 1649 on 18 April was accompanied by an explosion that sent an ash plume to 8 km altitude and drifted S and SW (figure 30). A chemical analysis of the lava collected on 13 December is now available and supports our former identification of a basaltic andesite, with a silica content of 55.3% and an overall composition virtually identical to the numerous basaltic andesite lavas of the Soufrire, which are the products of a quiet outpouring of lava from the crater. Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news, GEOS-16 false color loop showing the eruption of La Soufriere on St. Vincent. Table 4 contains mean values for all available wet chemical analyses of Soufrire rocks, summarized from UWI Seismic Research Special Publication No. Shepherd J B, 2001. Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. The new lava is significantly more basaltic, i.e., lower in silica (55.3%) than the products of the most violent phases of the 1902 eruption, which were more andesitic in composition, with silica content of 56-58%. Basse-Terre North. The sticky basaltic andesite lava like the dome that had been forming at La Soufrire (above) can trap gases as new magma rises underneath, creating pressure that can lead to a more explosive style of eruption. This is the first time the volcano has erupted since 1979. Extensive damage to vegetation was noted along the W coast, extending from Larikai Bay to Turner Bay. One tremor episode on 16 April at 0615 that lasted about three minutes was accompanied by an explosion, followed by more than two hours of low-level tremor. There is data available for 1 emission periods. This drop can be accounted for entirely by evaporation and there is no evidence of leakage through the crater wall. The dome continued to grow during 27 January-2 February. A swarm of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes began at 0638 on 5 April. This explosion occurred 52 hours after the last one and was the 30th since the explosive phase started. NEMO reminded the public to avoid the volcano and that descending into the crater remained extremely dangerous. Fiske, R., and Sigurdsson, H. Source: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC). The activity pattern of the eruption was comparable to that of the event that occurred in . University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) reported that seismicity at Soufrire St. Vincent (often simply referred to as La Soufriere) had remained low since the last episode of ash venting on 22 April. A second period of vigorous ash venting began at 1445 and initially rose about 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to slowly grow during 17-23 March, expanding to the N and S. A team visited the dome on 19 and 23 March to make observations, take measurements, and maintain monitoring equipment. Since 20 March the island in the middle of the crater lake has maintained a maximum height of 226 feet on he western summit. UWI Seismic Research Centre and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) lowered the Alert Level for Soufrire St. Vincent to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 16 March, noting that seismic and fumarolic activity were at or below background levels recorded prior to the 2020-2021 eruption. Information Contacts: Card 1350 (03 February 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Fumarolic activity from the top of the dome was moderately strong during the early stages of its growth, but had stopped by 20 May. MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) analysis of MODIS satellite data detected a single thermal anomaly during mid-March 2021, followed by a brief break in activity (figure 34). To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The dome dimensions were estimated to be 340 m long, 160 m wide, and 90 m high. "I have a report that there has been some leakage or seepage at the flank of the cone of the crater lake waters. Soufrire in St. Vincent. Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Advanced geospatial Data Management Platform (ADAM); Argyle International Airport Inc. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the explosive eruption at Soufrire St. Vincent (often simply referred to as La Soufriere) continued during 14-20 April, though at a decreasing frequency. Ash venting continued through the night and into 10 April. Card 1319 (23 November 1971) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. A period of high tremor began at 1649 on 18 April. Small earthquakes associated with dome growth were recorded on 7 April. Geotherm. Scientists observed damaged vegetation, likely caused by fire, on the NW part of the crater (just N of the dome). Remaining gas and steam plumes and lahars will be monitored remotely from its base in Trinidad and Tobago. Res., 19: 121-134. An episode of tremor that began at 1135 was associated with increased explosive activity, though the emissions were gas rich and less energetic than previous events. The survey indicates a maximum depth of 33 fathoms in this profile, at a distance of 38 fathoms from the S shore. On 1 March a new seismic station installed at the National Parks Interpretation Center at Bamboo Range on the E side of the volcano became operational. Almorales, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Beginning around 3 May 1979 another lava dome began to form in the main crater (SEAN 04:05; Shepherd et al., 1979) that continued to grow until the end of October 1979, expanding to 850 m in diameter and 120 m high (SEAN 04:11; Cole et al., 2019). The eruption was largely effusive and resulted in the emergence of a steep-sided island. The maximum daily count was 11 events on 16 November. SO2 measurements taken near the W coast showed an average flux of 350 tons/day. Earthquakes have been recorded on our seismograms for the last five days, between 10 and 18 events per day. Five seismograph stations continue to operate on a 24-hour basis but three of these stations are within 2 km of the crater. Tephra is a lot less dense than dense rock: you get a larger volume out than fits in the hole. Sulfur dioxide emissions were successfully measured by ground-based instruments; scientists on a Coast Guard boat along the W coast recorded 809 tons/day. The lake level has been dropping; it dropped a couple of feet in the last three days. Gas emissions persisted in the summit area from the top of the dome and along the contact area between the pre-existing 1979 dome and the 2020-21 dome, damaging vegetation on the SW side of the volcano. "There have been no volcanic explosions, or any emission of steam or gases, and all that has happened since 31 October is the extrusion of a very viscous dome-forming lava onto the floor of the crater. | April In: Latter J H (ed), Volcanic Hazards - Assessment and Monitoring, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p 292-311. Lamb, H.H., 1970, Volcanic dust in the atmosphere: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series A, v. 266, no. Table 1. Table 6. "In Card 1336 it was stated by Sigurdsson and Shepherd that 'the new hot lava is significantly more basaltic, i.e., lower in silica (55.3%) than the products of the most violent phases of the 1902 eruption, which were more andesitic in composition, with silica content of 56-58%.' Five kilograms of rocks were collected from the southern end of the island. Robertson R E A, 1995. The seismic station at Bamboo Range recorded a lahar on 20 April at 0400 which lasted about 30 minutes and may have descended a SE-flank valley. Height of the lava island has remained constant at 226 feet above 3 November datum since 20 March, or some 316 feet above present water level. | March doi:10.1038/282024a0. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Confirmed Eruption, 1600 BCE 75 years During the night of 10-11 April tremor lasting up to 20 minutes continued at intervals of 1.5-3 hours, associated with periods of explosions and ash emissions. Max VEI: 0, 1902 May 6 - 1903 Mar 30 Confirmed Eruption Card 1321 (01 December 1971) Lava dome growth in crater lake continues. La Soufrire, a stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, began an effusive eruption on 27 December 2020. The greatest heights on the eastern and northern summits are 196 and 211 feet, respectively. Res., 179:1-10. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to slowly grow during 31 March-6 April, expanding to the N and S. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome, as well as along the contact with the pre-existing 1979 dome. (eds)., 1982, Soufrire Volcano, St. Vincent: Observations of its 1979 eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites: Science, v. 216, no. J. Volcanol. Paper presented at the Workshop on Volcanic and Seismic Hazards in the eastern Caribbean, May 28- June 1, 2001, 57 p. There is data available for 22 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods. Unfortunately, this survey had to be abandoned due to unfavorable conditions on the lake. This eruption is particularly noteworthy because of the wide variety of observations made by various scientific teams (from land, low-flying aircraft, a high-altitude research plane, and from satellites). SYNOP codes from weather stations and buoys. Measurements during 11-13 April showed similar results of 0.4-0.6 Tg SO2 depending on altitude. Courtesy of the Seismic Research Unit. Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Soufriere volcano, St. Vincent, West Indies. This land mass is 50-feet in height at the highest point as of 28 November, and the area covered by this larger island is over 100 m in diameter. The eruption of Soufrire volcano, St Vincent AprilJune 1979. The VAAC noted that at 1850 a new ash emission rose to 7.6 km (25,000 ft) a.s.l. Rumors of warm water in the stream S of Windsor Forest village were checked by ground observations on 17 December and found to be untrue. The Alert Level remained at Orange. UWI-SRC and the National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) both warned the public to stay away from drainages and areas prone to flooding, and noted that lahars have caused notable erosion and damage to drainages and parts of the coastline. At 1400 the rate of the earthquakes started to decline and then significantly dropped at 1600, though small VT events continued through 1800. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to grow during 20-26 January. 1h 11m ago distance 2.9 mi. Simon Carn noted that this makes the La Soufriere eruption the largest tropical SO2 emission since the 2011 Nabro eruption, and the largest in the Caribbean since satellite measurements began in 1979. This sparked fears among the population that volcanic activity had increased at Soufriere St. Vincent. throughout the day. Analysis of satellite imagery by UWI-SRC indicated that the explosions that began on 9 April destroyed the pre-existing 1979 and 2020-21 lava domes and created a crater 800 m in diameter. Damage to vegetation was extensive along the W coast, stretching from Larikai Bay to Turner Bay. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Soufrire St. Vincent is the northernmost stratovolcano on St. Vincent Island in the southern part of the Lesser Antilles. Summary of depth and temperature measurements in the Soufriere St. Vincent crater lake, 21 December 1971. The Dust Veil Index for the 1902 eruption of Soufrire was calculated at 300; the Krakatau 1883 eruption = 1,000. and drifted mainly ENE. A 10-second series of explosions like thunder was heard on 20 November within the crater but the source was not seen because of hot vapor concealing most of the lake. Satellite data showed about 0.4 teragrams (Tg) of SO2 in the plume on 10 April, with some stratospheric injection. Soufrire St. Vincent is the northernmost and youngest volcano on St. Vincent Island. Rate of lava extrusion in the summit crater of Soufrire St. Vincent, 25 May-25 October 1979, calculated by John Tomblin. By the end of the week both new seismic and continuous GPS monitoring stations had been installed and were transmitting data, bring the total number of dedicated seismic stations to five. . Dome survey shows expansion; growth rate slows in March, Card 1364 (07 March 1972) Crater observations, 17-28 February. Nature, 282 (5734), 2428. Manage Settings Res., 371:86-100. Chairman of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Prime Minister Dr. Keith Rowley said Thursday that the regional grouping had mobilized to support St Vincent and the Grenadines. The Soufrire has now been in eruption for over four months and has comfortably exceeded this initial period of high uncertainty. Conditions on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent have worsened as La Soufrire volcano continues to push ash and debris into the atmosphere. Multiple lahars were detected in likely all the volcanos drainages for a period of about six hours on 3 May, with the most intense lahars occurring during 1100-1200. Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. Lava extrusion continued from the same vent that produced the 1971 dome and the 1979 explosions. 11 events on 16 November March 1972 ) J.B. Shepherd, Seismic Centre. 809 tons/day earthquakes began at 1649 on 18 April Alert level remained Orange. Emissions were successfully measured by ground-based instruments ; scientists on a four-color ). 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